VOCABULARY City problems
1 Match the words to the photos A-F.
- A: graffiti, rubbish (сміття)
- B: crowds (натовпи), public transport, rush hour
- C: green spaces
- D: pollution (забруднення)
- E: power cut (відключення електроенергії)
- F: traffic jam
2 Complete the sentences with some of the problems in Ex. 1.
- There was a power cut in our building last night. We had to use torches (ліхтарики) to see.
- Can you take out the rubbish? They’ll collect it tomorrow morning.
- I go to school by public transport. I often catch the bus but there’s also a train.
- We never go on the underground during the rush hour in summer. The trains get too hot.
3. Listen to four people describing where they live. Answer the questions about each person.
Question 1. Speaker 1: city; Speaker 2: village; Speaker 3: village; Speaker 4: city
Question 2. Speaker 1: rush hour; Speaker 2: public transport;
Speaker 3: graffiti; Speaker 4: green spaces
4. Listen and write one or two words in each space
1 bus stop
2 walked
3 a lift
4 the underground
5 Complete the sentences about where you live.
- There’s a serious problem with traffic jams in my city.
- We don’t have a problem with power cuts.
- There are lots of green spaces near my home.
- There isn’t enough public transport in the evening.
- One of my favourite places is the Central Park.
- One thing I don’t like is the pollution from cars.
READING
1 Look at the photos on page 37. What do you think these teenagers invented?
Based on the article, Ben Gulak invented the Uno, which is an electric motorbike. Ann Makosinski invented a torch (ліхтарик) that is powered by the heat from a human hand.
2 Now read the part about Ann Makosinski again and choose the correct word for each space.
- A developed (розвинула)
- B heard
- A trouble
- D access (доступ)
- C produced
- D support (підтримати)
3 Read the article again and complete the sentences with one or two words in each space.
- Ben was on holiday in Beijing, China but he is actually from Canada.
- Cars use more petrol than scooters.
- Scooters create more air pollution (забруднення повітря) than cars.
- The Uno is cleaner than a normal scooter because it uses electricity.
- Ann’s friend wasn’t doing well at school because it was impossible to study at night.
- Ann’s torch works by changing body heat (тепло тіла) into electricity.
- Ann won $25,000 for her invention (винахід) of the torch.
4 Match the highlighted words in the article to the meanings.
- largest – main
- something you know is true – fact
- plan something before making it – design
- surprised and upset – shocked
- very strong – powerful
- in place of something else – instead
GRAMMAR
1 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with some or any.
- a We use some before nouns in positive sentences.
- b We use any before nouns in negative sentences and in questions.
2 Complete the sentences with some or any.
- Do you need any help with the rubbish?
- I like some graffiti but not all of it.
- There’s some heavy traffic on the motorway.
- Is there any information about bus times?
3 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with the words.
- a We use many, much, and a lot of to talk about large amounts (велика кількість).
- c We use a few and a little to talk about small amounts (невелика кількість).
4 Complete the table with a lot of, a little and much.
- Uncountable nouns (незлічувані іменники)
- There isn’t much water.
- There’s a lot of traffic.
- There’s a little petrol.
5 Choose the correct words.
- A: Do you like living in the country?B: Mostly. There are a few bad things. There isn’t much entertainment.
- A: Have you got a few minutes? I’m doing a questionnaire on pollution.B: I’m sorry. I haven’t got much time. Are there many questions?
6 Think about your perfect place to live and complete the sentences.
- My perfect place to live has got a lot of beautiful parks.
- There are some quiet streets.
- There aren’t any noisy factories.
- There’s only a little pollution.
VOCABULARY Compounds: noun + noun
1 Make a word from A and B for each photo 1-8 below.
- apartment building
- bus stop
- pedestrian crossing (пішохідний перехід)
- post box
- recycling bin (контейнер для переробки)
- speed limit (обмеження швидкості)
- taxi rank (стоянка таксі)
- road sign
2 Complete the sentences with the correct compound from Ex. 1.
- There’s a lot of people at the taxi rank. Maybe we should catch a bus instead.
- What’s the speed limit on motorways?
- Can you take this letter to the post box for me?
- I live on the fourth floor of that apartment building.
- It’s compulsory (обов’язково) for cars to stop at a pedestrian crossing.
- Is this your recycling bin? Is it OK to put plastic in it?
- Let’s meet at the bus stop. There are lots that go into the centre from there.
- The road sign says turn right.
LISTENING
1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in the country?
Advantages (Переваги):
- Peace and quiet. (Тиша і спокій.)
- Clean air. (Чисте повітря.)
- Close to nature. (Близько до природи.)
- More space. (Більше простору.)
- Friendly community. (Дружня спільнота.)
Disadvantages (Недоліки):
- Fewer shops and entertainment. (Менше магазинів та розваг.)
- You need a car. (Потрібна машина.)
- Fewer jobs. (Менше роботи.)
- Bad internet. (Поганий інтернет.)
- It can be boring. (Може бути нудно.)
2 Listen to an interview with Bess and Mr Evans. In general, do they agree or disagree?
In general they agree.
3 Read the sentences carefully and check any new words. Then listen again and choose the correct words.
1 country
2 lived
3 sometimes
4 public transport
5 worse
6 recycling
SPEAKING Agreeing and disagreeing
1 Look at the two photos. What can you see?
In the first photo, I can see a big, crowded city with a lot of traffic. In the second photo, there is a small, quiet town by a lake.
2 Listen to Alice and Oliver talking about the places. What do they agree on?
In the city, there are too many cars and there’s a lot of rubbish.
3 Read the Prepare to speak box. Then listen again. Which phrases do Alice and Oliver use? First, read the phrases which Alice uses, then read the ones that Oliver uses.
Giving your opinion Personally, I think… O
I (don’t) think…A
It seems to me… O
If you ask me, …A
Asking for an opinion
What do you think? O
Do you agree? O
Agreeing
That’s true. A
Yes, maybe you’re right. O I completely agree with … O
Disagreeing
I’m not sure I agree. A
4 Discuss which place in the photos you would prefer to live in. Use phrases from the Prepare to speak box to agree and disagree.
Personally, I think I would prefer to live in the small town. It seems to me that it’s more peaceful (мирне) and beautiful there. I don’t really like big, noisy cities. What do you think?
5 Prepare your ideas on two of the topics below
Topic 2: Going to a concert / listening to music on headphones
My Ideas:
- Personally, I think going to a concert is more exciting than listening to music on headphones because the atmosphere is incredible. (Особисто я думаю, що ходити на концерт набагато цікавіше, ніж слухати музику в навушниках, тому що атмосфера неймовірна.)
- It seems to me that listening to music on headphones is good for every day, but concerts are special events. (Мені здається, що слухати музику в навушниках — це добре на кожен день, але концерти — це особливі події.)
- I don’t think you can feel the same energy from a song when you listen on your own. (Я не думаю, що можна відчути таку ж енергію від пісні, коли слухаєш її сам.)
- If you ask me, seeing a band live on stage is the best way to experience their music. (Якщо ви запитаєте мене, побачити гурт наживо на сцені — це найкращий спосіб відчути їхню музику.)
Topic 5: Holidays at the beach / holidays in cities
My Ideas:
- Personally, I think holidays at the beach are better because they are more relaxing. (Особисто я думаю, що відпочинок на пляжі кращий, тому що він більш розслабляючий.)
- It seems to me that city holidays can be very tiring and stressful because there are too many people. (Мені здається, що відпочинок у місті може бути дуже виснажливим і стресовим через велику кількість людей.)
- I don’t think visiting museums is as fun as swimming in the sea. (Я не думаю, що відвідувати музеї так само весело, як плавати в морі.)
- If you ask me, the best holiday is when you can just lie on the sand and do nothing. (Якщо ви запитаєте мене, найкращий відпочинок — це коли ти можеш просто лежати на піску і нічого не робити.)
6 Discuss the topics in Ex. 5. Use phrases from the Prepare to speak box to agree and disagree.
Topic 1: Going to the cinema / watching films at home
- Student A: Personally, I think going to the cinema is way better than watching films at home. The huge screen and the loud sound make everything more exciting. What do you think?
- Student B: I’m not so sure I agree. I prefer watching films at home because it’s so much more comfortable. You can pause the film if you want to get a snack.
- Student A: That’s true, but at the cinema, you can see the film as soon as it comes out. Sometimes you have to wait a long time to watch it at home.
- Student B: Yes, maybe you’re right. But I still think watching films at home is better value. Cinema tickets are so expensive!
Topic 5: Holidays at the beach / holidays in cities
- Student A: If you ask me, holidays at the beach are the best. It’s so relaxing to just lie on the sand and listen to the waves.
- Student B: I don’t think so. I find beach holidays a bit boring. I prefer holidays in cities because there’s so much to see and do, like visiting museums and famous landmarks (визначні місця).
- Student A: I find cities too noisy and crowded for a holiday. It seems to me that a holiday should be for relaxing, not for walking around all day. Do you agree?
- Student B: I don’t agree. I like the energy of a big city. For me, seeing new places and trying new food is more fun than just sitting on a beach.